nuestra familia on death row

3d 807, 823; People v. Morales (1968) 263 Cal. sub nom.,Baker v. California (1971) 400 U.S. 993 [27 L. Ed. An examination of these cases shows that their factual situations are quite divergent from the present one. The cumulative testimony of eyewitnesses provided a solid base for finding Dominguez guilty; the jury did not have to resort to a conviction based upon guilt by association. Hernandez also fired at the vehicle once. For 25 years no prisoners were condemned in the facility - until 1992. Nuestro General Gerald "Cuete" Rubelcaba ordered the assassination of former NF member Robert "Brown Bob" Viramontes in early 1998, a member of the leading council for the NF and a 20-year veteran who had covered up his NF tattoo on his back and also educated young kids about the dangers of gang life. But this was a rivalry with a twist. & Inst. The officers followed the car for a short time and soon activated the red light on their patrol car. Next, Hernandez, Dominguez and Castro each visited their respective mothers. In the instant case, evidence of the Nuestra Familia's criminal purposes was critically necessary to show why Dominguez was motivated to engage in the activities which led to Wolfie's death. He added that Chavez never thought Paniagua would kill her, even though he had threatened to five years earlier. Instead, the evidence about the criminal purposes of the Nuestra Familia was relevant to prove the motive for the shooting of Wolfie Fierro. Watch for a series this summer on her personal solution to the housing crisis -- spending her nest egg on turning a cargo van into what will eventually be her full-time home. Schaefer, 44, of Novato was repeatedly gored in a prison yard by an unnamed inmate and died the same day. Rptr. Sheila's family disapproved of the match, and was relieved when she called home to say she was coming back. Hernandez noted that the person "didn't run any more," although Hernandez "could see him moving around." However, extensive legal challenges are likely to delay his execution date for some 20 years. Although our Supreme Court is presently considering cases involving the privacy rights of jail inmates (People v. Maxie (Cal.App.) Rptr. When compared with the enormous growth of California's prison industry, the effect of the Nuestra Familia trials in San Jose -- and a recent federal prosecution of the Mexican Mafia -- are hard to measure. App. fn. Their prison stronghold was Pelican Bay, where their main leaders lived. The View co-host shared an Instagram post paying tribute to her mom and being grateful for the time she spent with her . App. In sentencing Castro, the court noted: "The crime involved great violence. It didn't work. & Inst. Prisoner on prisoner attacks were commonplace in the 70s and 80s - but still happen today. 3d 661, 669 [95 Cal. A proper calculation demonstrates, however, that he was entitled to 228 days. (Id, at p. Hernandez also fired several shots at a person who was fleeing across a grassy area near the rear of the lot. Although that court concluded that evidence about membership in the Compton Varrios Tres gang was too prejudicial, a careful reading of Perez shows that the court did not find the evidence probative on the issues of motive or intent. 5. Having sex with another gang member's woman is strictly against the 14 Bonds. Inmates who received the death penalty are evaluated and classified in one of two categories when they arrive at San Quentin. Most of Lasolla's orders came from Death Row Joe Gonzales, one of the head leaders of the Nuestra Familia, who was in state prison at the time. In addition, the trial court gave an oral admonition and closing instructions fn. In a small town like this, you remain close, in touch, even when you haven't seen each other in years. "The murder rate dropped by about half.". He indicated that members frequently "buy services of different convicts that have job assignments where we might need them" and that new arrivals in the gang "are also taught how to make weapons within the prison." As the thief brazenly walked the yard in his stolen shoes, the victim and his Northern California friends rose up and fought. granted June 25, 1980); De Lancie v. Superior Court (Cal.App.) In addition, Alex Santa Cruz testified that Freddie Fuentes was present at the party where the shooting occurred. 3d 509] failed parole miserably. Rptr. The Nuestra Familia was not recognized as a prison gang by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation until 1979. App. Pido disculpas sinceramente a cualquiera que haya resultado herido u ofendido". We are not persuaded for the following reasons. The court also admonished that the evidence should not be considered against Dominguez if no conspiracy was found. Dominguez was arrested after being found underneath the station wagon. 3d 788, 793 [108 Cal. Since this evidence on motive logically and naturally aided the People in rebutting the presumption of innocence and showing a reason for Dominguez' criminal behavior, it cannot be said the trial judge erred in concluding that its probative value [121 Cal. El inspector de la polica Rycroft Philostrate (Bloom) ser el encargado de investigar el ltimo caso: el . The Vanguard prison gang was recently demoted to the status of a mere "disruptive group" by corrections officials. Nuestra Familia gang member Armando Frias noticed him in Cap's Saloon, but although he was on the hit list, he needed Casper's permission. The families of the victims are noticeably absent from the courtroom. In early June, the same jury took less than two hours to convict Paniagua of arson and four first-degree murders. With a plea-bargained sentence of 25 to life, Salazar expects to die in prison. 17 August 2020. Furthermore, the Perez court noted, "The record does not show that the trial court did in fact discharge its duty in these circumstances by weighing the evidence for prejudice against its probative value. 24 Outside of jurors' presence, trial counsel for Dominguez claimed that introduction of the tapes would violate Dominguez' privacy rights and infringe upon his client's confrontation rights. App. As indicated earlier, any deserters from the organization were subject to an automatic death sentence by current members of the Nuestra Familia. 3d 502] the evidence was relevant (1) as corroboration of Hernandez' testimony about the three men being sent to Bakersfield with guns obtained from the Salinas area, and (2) as independent proof that the weapons had originated from the Salinas area six weeks prior to their recovery from an area near the Virginia Street residence. 3d 498, 507, 509 [165 Cal. In the absence of a clear showing that its sentencing discretion was arbitrary or irrational, a trial court is presumed to have acted to achieve legitimate sentencing objectives and its discretionary determination to impose consecutive sentences will not be set aside on review. FN 8. 330].) by thewestside May 20th, 2008, 2:20 am, Return to Mexico, Central America, South America & the Caribbean, Powered by phpBB Forum Software phpBB Limited. Hernandez was then put in contact with other individuals and made a trip to Fresno on October 13. fn. Answers & Questions about gangs, organized crime, graffiti & gang activity around the World, Unread post (See People v. McGautha (1969) 70 Cal. 3d 807, 822-823 [95 Cal. App. Death Row Around 2, 500 prisoners currently face execution in the United States. We disagree; the evidence was relevant on the issue of motive and the trial court astutely guarded against allowing tangential evidence of a prejudicial nature to be introduced into the trial proceeding. He recalled that the cell was filthy and an officer took water with bleach and doused the walls and mattress and left without giving me a towel to wipe up. Co-defendant Eddie "Pajaro" Vargas faces life in prison. Holly, paternal grandmother Arla (Neitz) Parker (Myles) of Port Trevorton . 106] (subsequent to the arrest of one of the principal coconspirators); People v. Saling, supra, 7 Cal.3d at pp. (Id, at pp. 91].). ), "It's so sad to see those two kids here at the youth center, and to wonder what they must think," said the relative. I want you to try to zero in on his words as much as you can so that we are hearing what he said at that time? Thanks to frequent stretches in custody -- and occasional 10,000-word essays assigned by gang leaders -- the art of the handwritten letter flourishes in Nuestra Familia. The women said they were angry with Paniagua for the killings, but implored the jury to spare his life. He is serving a life sentence at the Correctional Training Facility in Soledad. Plaintiff Bobby Lopez was convicted of three gang-related murders and sentenced to death in 1997. Fabio Garza a Nuestra Familia soldier is murdered for stealing money belonging to the gang and using heroin. . (Cf. App. First, Castro does not demonstrate why he should be able to derivatively defend the rights of privacy possessed by Dominguez. [23] After months of investigation, at least 37 alleged gang members were arrested during the raids conducted. fn. On the day after the shooting, Castro went to the Briseno residence and Hernandez asked him to relate his version of what had transpired at the Virginia Street residence. During the [121 Cal. A death-row inmate convicted of three gang-related murders in 1997 died of unknown causes at San Quentin State Prison this week, corrections officials said. Lasolla provided Hernandez with two .22 revolvers and some ammunition. On 20 April 2001, federal agents arrested 13 members of NF, including 6 inmates, among them Rubelcaba. The main Nuestra Familia trial now under way involves four defendants accused of seven murders, conspiracy and assorted violent attacks. Members agree to commit crimes such as murder . The yearlong trial was one of the costliest in Santa Clara Countys history at $10 million. Dominguez stepped on the gas and began to accelerate from the police vehicle. Now San Quentin State Prison is in danger of losing its hardline reputation - with officials planning to dismantle its death row and move prisoners into the general population. App. 1, and the Netas. Herminio Serna, 53, died late Monday at San Quentin State Prison after he was found unresponsive in his single cell. But the first thing Chavez did with the hit list was to quietly slip it to his parole officer, prosecutors say. Now with respect to talking to or saying anything to you with respect to how the car was lost what did he say? (hg. In light of Thursdays Paniagua verdict, prosecutors also are all but certain to seek the death penalty in an upcoming trial against Samuel Corona for allegedly stomping 6-year-old Oscar Jimenez Jr. to death. 1137]) is misplaced. Although conceding that "some evidence of the gang's tenets as contained in their constitution was admissible to show intent and motive," Dominguez argues that "motive could have been established without reference to the gang's other, non-related, criminal endeavors." During his trial, prosecutors said members wanted to control San Joses drug trade and command respect on the streets, and to achieve those goals, members killed associates who disobeyed orders and witnesses who threatened to expose them. "They had some very good leadership, and bright-line rules that you didn't cross. 's lives, and continued to host meetings over the next four months that were taped. App. [121 Cal. (People v. Love (1977) 75 Cal. He had arrived at San Quentin just months before, three days after receiving a life sentence for the murder of nine-year-old Melody Osheroff. App. [20], While Nuestra Familia is primarily a Chicano gang, membership sometimes extends to other Latinos as well as non-Latinos. App. El Asesinato de Abby Choi, fue un homicidio, suscitado el 21 de febrero de 2023, tres das despus de que fue reportada como desaparecida, la socialite, influencer de las redes sociales y modelo de Hong Kong de 28 aos, encontrndose su cuerpo sin cabeza descubierto en una aldea en Tai Po, un suburbio en Hong Kong.Segn se informa, algunas de las partes de su cuerpo estaban ocultas dentro . . Additional credits: Editing by Mark McGonigle | Design by Lily Mihalik | Development by Evan Wagstaff, Sources: California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Times reporting, Your ballot box guide to California's 17 propositions. The rap group sold thousands of copies, and many members possessed the album. The jury of nine women and two men took 21/2 days to agree on the ultimate punishment, rejecting an impassioned argument by defense attorney Traci Owen emphasizing Paniaguas lousy childhood and his sisters pleas that his life be spared. Perez denied that Villarreal ever asked him for a gun and further denied ever giving a gun to Villarreal. 3d 889, 896, fn. They were unsuccessful in this attempt. Rptr. Rptr. This motion was denied by the judge hearing the section 995 motion. All Access Digital offer for just 99 cents! AVONDALE, Ariz. Casi seis meses despus de que la duea de un saln de belleza de Avondale fuera asesinada en su negocio por su esposo, sus hijos y clientes mantienen viva su memoria. "They profess such loyalty to the gang, such life-and-death devotion, they never thought their leaders would turn them in. Death row exonerees including Kwame Ajamu, right, listens to speakers during a Witness to Innocence news conference marking the organization's 15th anniversary at the at the National Constitution . The police warned Castillo about the NF threat, but Castillo ignored them. In legal motions filed over the past four weeks, defense attorneys for 15 alleged members of the Nuestra Familia the prison gang that governs the Northern California-based Norteo and . The largest of the federal investigations was Operation Black Widow. 21 For these reasons, we find Perez inapposite to the present circumstances. Burge se ha convertido en un refugio para las criaturas de fantasa que han huido de sus respectivos mundos asolados por la guerra. [23], On June 11, 2013, Santa Clara County district attorney Jeff Rosen announced the indictment of 48 Nuestra Familia associates on 77 felony charges ranging from drug dealing to murder.[24]. While Hernandez and appellants were purchasing liquor, Castro told Hernandez that he had information that the Fierro brothers often frequented the park across the street. 6.13, 6.22)--also made it unlikely that jurors convicted Dominguez because [121 Cal. I was already aware of the situation but didn't figure on the cancer spreading out so wide?! 203]. Dixon wasn't the oldest inmate to be put to death in the U.S., but he was older than the average inmate condemned to die. Rptr. Not so. . FN 2. App. 3d 419 [124 Cal. And after they call a hit, you gotta do it.". App. Or, as Chaucer would have said, guilty because of his membership in the "Parliament of Fowles.". Another prisoner John Mattox was transferred to San Quentin while showing signs of Covid. They appeal. We thought maybe (Lopez) was getting out of prison by now," said one relative who asked not to be named. 752, 541 P.2d 296] (cert. FN 5. Rptr. (Cf. Two other gang members James Hueveo Trujeque, 66, and Bobby Silent Lopez Jr., 53 remain on death row. Criminal organization of Mexican American prison gangs in the US, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, "Prison Gangs (continued) - Gangs and Security Threat Group Awareness", "Authorities arrest 11 key gang members in east Hillsborough", "Bust of gang offers hope for Dodge City immigrants", "Gangs are becoming a growing threat across Utah", "The Marietta Daily Journal - Ga Supreme Court upholds brothers murder convictions", "Special Issue: Gangs in the United States", "Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring", "Gang raid targets Nuestra Familia in Salinas", Organized Crime in California Annual Report 2007-08, "New leadership, constitution for Nuestra Familia", "Gang and Security Threat Group Awareness", "Eight-month investigation yields 37 high-level arrests", "Nuestra Familia case: Details of biggest gang prosecution in Santa Clara County history", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nuestra_Familia&oldid=1141826410, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox criminal organization with ethnicity or ethnic makeup parameters, Pages using infobox criminal organization with rivals parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Drug trafficking, extortion, robbery, homicide, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 00:46. Similarly, we believe the differences in sentence imposed upon Dominguez and Castro do not indicate an equal protection violation. At 1:25 a.m., Bakersfield Police Officers Record and Parker received a broadcast which included a description of a white station wagon wanted in connection with an attempted murder. My family and I were hopeful for a different outcome and prayed to God to help all affected by this tragedy, Rachel said in the e-mail. When the bullet-torn bodies started turning up on the streets and playing fields of San Jose, it was quickly obvious that a gang war had broken out. "Especially drugs.". 3d 493] the officers observed a similar vehicle at a nearby intersection. fn. App. As they left Villarreal's house, Castro suggested that the group proceed up Virginia Street to "another place where he knew the Fierros might possibly be." [11], Members of Nuestra Familia are known to wear red bandanas ("red rags") to identify themselves. We likewise believe that Castro cannot prevail on his confrontation and cross-examination rights argument. Two former death row employees testified that defendant had been trouble free while they were there. They claim the bloodletting didn't begin for several months, not until Bobby "Silent" Lopez and Ronald "Lucky" Shelton were paroled and meshed their murderous energies in an attempt to assert control. The killings have been so painful for Chavezs family that many of her relatives remain in therapy, including the teenage cousin staying with her at the time of the killings, who woke up to find the house on fire and the little girls slain. 477-478.) (Rule 425 (a)(2), (a)(4), (b), Cal. Texas, USA 1996 Date of Execution: September 18, 1996 Offender: Joe F. Gonzalez, Jr. #999177 Last Statement: There are people all over the world who face things worse than death on a daily basis, and in that sense I consider myself lucky. The NF imposed "gang taxes" on drug dealers and prostitutes to help them gain a flow of income, and in the 1990s, their ranks swelled to more than 1,000 gang members. App. The last time local prosecutors persuaded a jury to impose the death penalty was in 1997, when three Nuestra Familia gang members James Huevo Trujeque, Herminio Spankio Serna and Bobby Lopez were sentenced to death for multiple killings. 831, 498 P.2d 1079].) fn. We reject the People's argument that Castro has waived assertion of the Bruton/Aranda issue because he did not move for a severance prior to trial. Testimony by Cobos revealed that transmission of the details of the killing was a prerequisite to earning a "star" within the Nuestra Familia. No exact legal authority has been found on this point, although the courts have allowed derivative standing for purposes of suppressing evidence (Kaplan v. Superior Court (1971) 6 Cal. Paniagua crept into the bedroom where his pregnant girlfriend and young daughters were sleeping in October 2005 and stabbed them multiple times as they struggled to fend him off. Someone in the crowd gave a negative response. "I'm sure they know everything.". 9.5% of death-row prisoners had a prior homicide conviction. The three men traveled to and set up surveillance at a particular residence. App. 353, 407 P.2d 265]) violation. Over defense counsel's objection pursuant to Evidence Code section 352, Hernandez testified that some of the street activities of the Nuestra Familia include "robbery, sales of drugs, prostitution, extortion, contracts, meaning someone pays you to kill someone.". San Jose jury: Put man who killed family to death, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Los Gatos: Hundreds still without power as Black Road repair project finishes early. fn. We thus conclude that Dominguez' statements about Castro were not substantially incriminating within the meaning of Bruton or Aranda. Death Row Diner 1988-01-01 ver en lnea gratis. In 2008, San Quentin opened a new $853,000 death chamber at the prison - but it will never be used. This Sept, 14, 2018 photo released by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation shows inmate Herminio Serna. According to the FBI, San Jose had the lowest murder rate of any big city in the United States in 1996. In the summer of 1991, that came up a few times.". It notes that death row and its supporting activities are in the same . App. More and more NF members were recruited in the 1980s, and they wanted to control all of California from Bakersfield. 3d 505]. ", FN 22. The facts to be recited are taken from the transcript of oral arguments on the section 995 motion. Accordingly, it was not erroneous for the superior court to deny Castro's section 995 motion. 26 substantially inculpated or incriminated him. 3d 277, 288-291 [82 Cal. fn. Paniagua, 33, will join about 700 other condemned killers in California on death row. [21] Nuestra Familia members often use the image of a sombrero with a machete as their gang symbol. FN 18. The California Department of Corrections is directed to forthwith give full effect to the modification stated above and is directed to determine the presentence [121 Cal. den. The group of individuals was carrying two revolvers and cartridges given to them by Lasolla. As Dominguez stopped the car and Hernandez began to depart from it, the group began to scatter. Before allowing introduction of this evidence, the trial court extensively [121 Cal. All three men were convicted of conspiracy to commit murder, robbery, extortion and witness intimidation. Code, 245, subd. 882].) . Prison personnel gave Serna CPR and called an ambulance, but he was pronounced dead about 8:35 p.m. A cause of death is pending. fn. Historica Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Unlike most of his gang associates, Salazar had skills to make a living in Silicon Valley. Despite the fact that they are facing -- at the least -- a life behind bars, the defendants seem to bask in the perverse prestige of their dangerous-gangster roles. Behind the rhetoric of racial pride lurks the constant threat of sudden death, and not from a stranger's hand. [121 Cal. (b). 3d 41, 50 [171 Cal. In Beyea, the trial court denied defendants' motion to exclude evidence of their membership in the Hell's Angels group. Everything about this trial had to be done specially, from the remodeled courtroom, with a special glassed-in platform for two of the defendants, to the police snipers on the courthouse roof to the made-to-order cells in the county jail's Security Housing Unit. It was further alleged that, in the commission of the murder, a principal was armed with a handgun (Pen. 3d 508]. 2d 23 [41 Cal. This event put into motion the longest-running gang war in the state of California. Hernandez opined that the fleeing person "was trying to dodge bullets." We wish they were all here, every day.. Hernandez had to get information from Castro so that he could accurately relay a synopsis of the shooting incident to Lieutenant Lasolla. The Constantinideses and some gang experts are confident that Nuestra Familia is on the ropes. 3d 507], Second, any erroneous introduction of the references to Castro was nonprejudicial. "When they had the funeral, it was terrible. den. FN 3. App. 13 One of Hernandez' orders was to kill any Nuestra Familia enemies which he and appellants might encounter while in Bakersfield. 19, Hernandez also testified about the obligations and responsibilities of Nuestra Familia members. For more info, see @itsavanlife on Instagram and our Facebook group,Full House: Inside the Bay Area housing shortage. 3d 497] For example, Villarreal testified that Dominguez told him after the shooting about dropping a "card." 3d 844, 852 [103 Cal. According to mountains of court files and the gang members themselves, the much-vaunted "family" at the heart of Nuestra Familia is a profoundly dysfunctional one -- a soap opera tangle of duplicity, adultery, drugs and betrayal. In an e-mail, Paniaguas sister Rachel said she will stand by her brother for the rest of their lives and praised attorney Owens for her stalwart defense. Cobos testified that she was living in the Salinas regiment. Stretch, U.S. Assistant Attorney General Leslie R. Caldwell of the Justice Department's Criminal Hernandez, Dominguez and Castro stayed at the Salinas apartment for a week and became a part of that particular regiment. For more awesome content, check out: http://whatculture.com/ Follow us on Facebook at: https://www.facebook.com/whatculture Catch us on Twitter: https://twit. The trio did not see any of the Fierros; accordingly, they left the park around midnight. Rptr. Gov. Hernandez was given complete immunity in the municipal court for his testimony at this trial. Each also was convicted of committing two or three of five murders. Us being locked in here, its like were watching this virus get steadily closer to us and theres nothing we can do.. The nickname "Silent" is a kind of joke, prosecutors say, because Lopez is famous for talking too much. Rptr. fn. Casper was not allowed to put a hit on Armando Frias, as he was a government informant, but he said that he would have killed him if he was a regular NF member. Rptr. The gist of Castro's present contention is that the superior court erred in determining that the municipal court had jurisdiction to proceed on the assault count without referring the matter back for a second fitness hearing before the juvenile court. 7. 3d 500], The lower court did not abuse its discretion by admitting limited evidence about the Nuestra Familia's criminal purposes. Newsom's proposed budget for the fiscal year starting 1 July seeks $1.5m to find new uses for the vacant death row housing. Careful examination of the record shows that Castro's trial counsel objected to admission of the taped conversations and specifically requested deletion of the references to his client which were subsequently played before jurors. September 24, 1977 Death Row Joe Gonzales's order to murder of Nuestra soldier Eddie Serna for cooperating with authorities is passed on by Lieutenant Richard Din Castro to Robert Flores and Robert "Brown Bob" Viramontes. 2d 803, 92 S. Ct. 2452]; People v. Martin (1955) 45 Cal. Law enforcement authorities seized 40 pounds of cocaine, 14 pounds of marijuana, and dozens of firearms. He worked for high-tech firms and a medical equipment company until his wife got pregnant by a fellow gang member, and then his life nose-dived into depression, drugs and violence. 445-446; People v. Pic'l, supra, 114 Cal.App.3d at p. The 7.5 ft, octagonal, lime green death chamber was in use until 1972 when the California Supreme Court criticised the "cruel and unusual" punishment. Vargas, with his facial tattoos and street- tough expression, for a while wore his jail jumpsuit to trial. This book follows the life of Robert Gratton, one of the highest-ranking members of La Nuestra Familia, one of California's most violent prison gangs credited with over 300 murders. 434, 452 P.2d 650], affd. The court then noted, "They are only being tried for this one crime, not all the other crimes that the Nuestra Familia might have done. 1, 457 P.2d 841]; People v. Lopez (1969) 1 Cal. Of those who may yet be convicted, nine now face death. 435. 4 While at a Salinas apartment headquarters of the Nuestra Familia, Hernandez was ordered to stay in Salinas. 3d 491] sometime during the conversation. "But we didn't go out and kill enemies, we went and killed ourselves. He was displaying highly vicious behavior and he was very much an active participa[nt]." FN 26. Although both Hernandez and Castro reported to the Salinas regiment, Hernandez testified that he made his trip from Fresno with an individual named Mackie Bacage. Before addressing these contentions, we believe the relevant facts should be set forth. Hernandez asked for Castro's account because "as a squad leader I was obligated to get all the available information of what had happened so I could in turn inform my lieutenant." He was on parole from the Youth Authority and of course had [121 Cal. ), FN 17. In 2000 and 2001, 22 members were indicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) charges, including several who were allegedly serving as high-ranking gang leaders while confined in Pelican Bay. "He can't help himself," said Charles Constantinides. "My guy has never been shown to be the triggerman, just a loudmouth who hasn't done much except write a lot of letters and blow off lots of steam.". The inmates interact like volatile chemicals: if you open their cells in such a way as to put, say, a lone member of Nuestra Familia in a crowd of Mexican Mafia, the mix can explode violently.

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