what was true about the gulf of tonkin incident

(APEX) Did the gulf of Tonkin incident happen? What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? Targets would disappear, and then new targets would appear from the opposite compass direction. Both the Maddox and the C. Turner Joy fired repeatedly into the stormy night. We may never know the whole truth behind the Tonkin events and the motivations of those involved. He sent a flash (highest priority) message to Honolulu, which was received in Washington at 1327 on 4 August, declaring his doubts: "Review of action makes many reported contacts and torpedoes fired appear doubtful. Even though Pierce-Arrow was ordered shortly after the dubious reports of the second attack on the Maddox and Turner Joy, Johnson addressed the nation at 11:30 PM eastern time about the confrontation in the Gulf of Tonkin. The Vietnam War: A Concise History. Another reporter pressed the issue, "Do these [patrol boats] go north, into North Vietnamese waters?" Tensions heightened in the Tonkin Gulf. Over the next three hours, the two ships repeatedly maneuvered at high speeds to evade perceived enemy boat attacks. Weather conditions were clear, and seas were calm. Congress concluded that it had been caused by China. In addition to the difficult detection conditions, the Maddox's SPS-40 long-range air-search radar and the Turner Joy's SPG-53 fire-control radar were both inoperative.9 That night, Herrick had the two ships move out to sea to give themselves maneuver space in case of attack. The Gulf of Tonkin theory. The US Navy destroyer had shipping container on its decked fitted out with electronic monitoring equipment gathering radio/radar (signals intelligence) information on North Vietnam. . "27, Intelligence officials realized the obvious. 22. The North Vietnamese were oblivious to the confusion it would generate. FROM THE GULF OF TONKIN TO THE BALTIC SEA - seymourhersh.substack.com Non-subscribers can read five free Naval History articles per month. However, it is important to put what we do know into context. On August 2nd, 1964, the USS Maddox destroyer was supposedly conducting reconnaissance in the Gulf of Tonkin when fired upon by North Vietnamese forces in Swatow gunboats. (20) The more astute cardboard-roll hangers wait until they have been placed in the closet, out of view, before they collapse. Historians have long suspected that the second attack in the Gulf of Tonkin never occurred and that the resolution was based on faulty evidence. Resulted from a minor naval conflictc. Stockdale and the other pilots, with orders to "attack and destroy the PT boats," made multiple firing runs on the enemy vessels. This Week in Universal News: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, 1964 1. On August 2nd 1964, two United States Navy ships . But the reports were false and the president knew it. C. It showed the willingness of North Vietnam to make peace. Stanley Karnow, Vietnam: A History (New York: Penguin Books, 1983) p. 372. . Corrections? Reply. On November 22, 1963, John Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. COMUSMACV 291233ZJuly64. Some historians do not let the Johnson administration off so easily. On the morning of 4 August, U.S. intelligence intercepted a report indicating that the communists intended to conduct offensive maritime operations in the Gulf of Tonkin. Hanyok, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds," p. 16; Edward J. Drea, "Tonkin Gulf Reappraisal: 40 Years Later," MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol. On the evening of July 30-31, South Vietnamese commandos attacked two North Vietnamese islands near where. a spy ring? On 6 August, when called before a joint session of the Senate Foreign Relations and Armed Services committees to testify about the incident, McNamara eluded the questioning of Senator Wayne Morse (D-OR) when he asked specifically whether the 34A operations may have provoked the North Vietnamese response. New York: Oxford Press, 2008. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident, https://dailyhistory.org/index.php?title=Was_the_Gulf_of_Tonkin_incident_staged&oldid=23951. The Maddox, on patrol in the area but probably unaware of the raids that had taken place, observed torpedo boats sent out in pursuit of the South Vietnamese vessels and thus withdrew, but it returned on August 1. The first incident took place on August 2 . Led by Commander James B. Stockdale, the four Crusaders strafed one of the boats, claiming it sunk . The Gulf of Tonkin Incident was a pair of alleged attacks by North Vietnamese gunboats on two American destroyers in August of 1964 in the Gulf of Tonkin. Naval Institute Photo archive. Initial successes, however, were limited; numerous South Vietnamese raiders were captured, and OPLAN 34A units suffered heavy casualties. Hanyok, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds," p. 19. The Gulf Tonkin Incidents were the pretext for President Johnson to create and ultimately pass the Gulf Tonkin Resolution, which ultimately allowed the US to escalate the Vietnam War (also known as the Second Indochina War) into a large-scale war. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. President Johnson is overcome with grief as he listens to a tape sent by his son-in-law, Captain Charles Robb, from Vietnam in 1968. On 4 August 1964 two U.S. destroyers were again in the middle of the Gulf of Tonkin. TWE Remembers: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident - Council on Foreign Relations After observing North Vietnamese patrol torpedo boats pursuing the vessels that had attacked Hon Me, the Maddox withdrew from the area. Write the correct present subjunctive form of the verb given. How The Gulf Of Tonkin Incident Sparked The Vietnam War - All That's 8. Case Closed: The Gulf of Tonkin Incident - HistoryNet It was probably his kid, so history has been mad at the wrong person all along. The incident was utilized by the Johnson Administration to publicly justify and escalate military operations in the region. The Columbia History of the Vietnam War. Five months ago that teamworkabout which we still know very littleresulted in the destruction of two pipelines, on orders of President Biden, with international implications yet to be determined. And then, two days later, on August 4, the Johnson administration claimed that it had been attacked again. Confederate leaders' households. Why the Gulf of Tonkin Matters 50 Years Later (1/2) Pentagon Papers whistleblower Daniel Ellsberg and historian Gareth Porter discuss how the Gulf of Tonkin incident was used to further entangle . A top-secret extension of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) was created Studies and Observations Group or SOG. She hired former Confederate soldiers to gather information from What was the importance of the Gulf of Tonkin resolution quizlet? 1964 promised to be a volatile year in an already charged arena. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, in 1964, was a major turning point in United States military involvement in Vietnam. Five months ago that teamworkabout which we still know very littleresulted in the destruction of two pipelines, on orders of President Biden, with international implications yet to be determined. This assignment requires you to use themes from the readings and debate critically the meaning, scope, and/or practices. Interpreting this as an act of North Vietnamese aggression, the US government responded by ordering greater military involvement in Vietnam. It also declared that the maintenance of international peace and security in Southeast Asia was vital to American interests and to world peace. Hanyok, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds," p. 24. The Maddox and Turner Joy moved out to sea, but both reported that they were tracking multiple unidentified vessels approaching their positions. "21, Navy Captain John J. Herrick (left), pictured with Maddox skipper Commander Herbert L. Ogier on board the destroyer, kept his superiors informed during the alleged battle with North Vietnamese PT boats on 4 August. "29, During comments to reporters on 6 August, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara lied when he denied knowledge of the nature of the provocative OPLAN 34A raids, which were organized and overseen by his department. Yes it happened. See LTCOL Delmar C. Lang's chronology of the SIGINT reports (14 Oct 1964) on National Security Agency homepage, http://www.nsa.gov/vietnam/. . The relocation of American manufacturing overseas, The southern strategy involved attracting Democratic voters to the Republican Party.. Explanation: President Lyndon Johnson utilized the Gulf of Tonkin occurrence to enlarge the war. Gulf of Tonkin incident - Wikipedia 1 What was true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident? 11. 15. Lieutenant Commander Paterson is a foreign area officer and former history instructor at the U.S. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: US History for Kids - American Historama Seventh Fleet and that led to the Gulf of . Both ships began firing at what they thought were torpedo boats, and again they sought air support. Roe v. Wade, the court case that legalized abortion hinged on what legal idea? And what about the North Vietnamese battle report that seemed to provide irrefutable confirmation of the attack? 12. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | History, Facts, & Significance Omissions? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. It's a very good rule."31. Jim and Sybil Stockdale, In Love and War (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), p. 23. Robert McNamara, In Retrospect (New York: Vintage, 1996) p. 133. In August 1964, the United States entered the Vietnam War after reports of an unprovoked attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. With the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, the United States committed its full strength to the conflict. On an audio tape from the Johnson Library declassified in December 2005, he admitted to the President the morning after the attacks that the two events were almost certainly connected: And I think I should also, or we should also at that time, Mr. President, explain this OPLAN 34-A, these covert operations. Naval Academy. The president agreed and ordered Operation Pierce Arrow, an airstrike on North Vietnamese mainland targets. The opinions expressed within the documents in both releases are those of the authors and individuals interviewed. A. The truth was very different. money and clothing In addition, even though the losses from bombing could and usually were significant, the North Vietnamese often gained a morale boost when they would shoot an American bomber out of the sky. Pat Bauer graduated from Ripon College in 1977 with a double major in Spanish and Theatre. What occurred at the Gulf of Tonkin incident? In 1995 Vo Nguyen Giap, who had been North Vietnams military commander during the Vietnam War, acknowledged the August 2 attack on the Maddox but denied that the Vietnamese had launched another attack on August 4, as the Johnson administration had claimed at the time. In early 1964, South Vietnam began conducting a covert series of U.S.-backed commando attacks and intelligence-gathering missions along the North Vietnamese coast. All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT, Served as justification for the assassination of Ngo Diem, U.S. troops massacred hundreds of civilians, In the 1968 election, Lyndon Johnson decided. 3 What power did the Gulf of Tonkin give the President? Hey, did yall hear Thutmose the Great didnt actually damage Hapshetsups monuments? Other vital intercepts mysteriously disappeared. On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia. All of the following are true about the Gulf of Tonkin incident and the ensuing resolution EXCEPT a. Nevertheless, when later queried by NSA headquarters, the destroyer indicated she had been unaware of the OPLAN raid on the island.5 That ignorance set the stage for a showdown between North Vietnamese forces and the U.S. Navy eavesdropping platform. Pulitzer-prize winning journalist Seymour Hersh has shed more light on US-Norwegian military cooperation which started after the end of the Second World War, and evoked memories of the controversial Gulf of Tonkin incident that opened the door to the . What was later discovered were "Tonkin ghosts" (false radar images) and no evidence of the [] In July 1964, Lieutenant General William C. Westmoreland, commander of the U.S. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, shifted the operation's tactics from commando attacks on land to shore bombardments using mortars, rockets, and recoilless rifles fired from South Vietnamese patrol boats.1, The U.S. Navy, meanwhile, had been conducting occasional reconnaissance and SIGINT-gathering missions farther offshore in the Tonkin Gulf. "28, Johnson himself apparently had his own doubts about what happened in the Gulf on 4 August. The reply is being given as I speak to you tonight. Both houses of Congress passed the resolution on August 7, the House of Representatives by 414 votes to nil, and the Senate by a vote of 88 to 2. On 28 July, the Maddox sortied from Taiwan en route to her Desoto patrol station. what was true about the gulf of tonkin incident apex The Real Tonkin Gulf Deception Wasn't by Lyndon Johnson Three patrol craft attacked a security garrison at Cua Ron (the mouth of the Ron River) and a radar site at Vinh Son, firing 770 rounds of high-explosive munitions at the targets.8 North Vietnamese installations had been attacked four separate times in five days. "22, Almost 90 percent of the SIGINT intercepts that would have provided a conflicting account were kept out of the reports sent to the Pentagon and White House. Ill give more brainly points, Which statement best illustrates how Elizabeth Van Lew was able to organize Financial and material aid was increased. In early August 1964, Johnsons and McNamaras zeal for aggressive action in Southeast Asia led to full U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, which cost the lives of more than 58,000 American service men and women.Lyndon Baines Johnson Library. TURNER JOY reports two torpedoes passed near her.14, McNamara phoned Sharp at 1608 Washington time to talk it over and asked, "Was there a possibility that there had been no attack?" le "tourisme plage" est une ide dpasse (. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution effectively launched America's full-scale involvement in the Vietnam War. Sharp admitted that there was a "slight possibility" because of freak radar echoes, inexperienced sonarmen, and no visual sightings of torpedo wakes. Which statement about the Gulf of Tonkin incident is true? - Brainly Rather than being on a routine patrol Aug. 2, the U.S. destroyer Maddox was actually engaged in aggressive intelligence-gathering maneuvers in sync with coordinated attacks on North Vietnam by the South Vietnamese navy and the Laotian air force. chapter28done.docx - The American Yawp Chapter 28 - The The US has form for this kind of "fabricated" naval incident (see 2 and 3 above) say theorists, referring back to the second Tonkin Gulf incident in which the US is alleged to have faked a naval clash with the North Vietnamese navy. Fog of War - Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Vietnam War - In the mid-1950s, the U.S. intervened militarily in Vietnam, beginning what has been called a "crisis in slow motion." Americans convinced that the fall of South Vietnam to Communism would eventually result in the "fall" of all of Southeast Asia, believed this war was an effort to prevent North Vietnam from unifying North and . Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations. Lyndon Johnson on August 5, 1964, assertedly in reaction to two allegedly unprovoked attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on the destroyers Maddox and C. Turner Joy of the U.S. Opposed Vietnamese independence and supported French attempts to retain its colonial control The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed for the president to send combat troops to Vietnam. , your opinion; it must be well-reasoned and backed up it has to be ( 3 to 4 pages long) by reconstructing the arguments and ideas from the readings. Resulted from a minor naval conflict c. The Johnson administration distorted the incident to provide a pretext for escalating American involvement in Vietnam d. Episode 2450 of the Vietnam Veteran News Podcast will feature a story more about how the Norwegian Navy participated in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. The Gulf of Tonkin incident was a complex naval event in the Gulf of Tonkin, off the coast of Vietnam, that was presented to the U.S. Congress on August 5, 1964, as two unprovoked attacks by. Unlike Captain Herrick, Stockdale had no doubt about what had happened: "We were about to launch a war under false pretenses, in the face of the on-scene military commander's advice to the contrary. And why were highly skilled seamen and technicians from the Norwegian Navy involved?

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