why was henry vii called the winter king

During his 23-year reign, Henry had only two Lord High Treasurers, and this continuity helped provide stability. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. Why did the nobility accept the curtailment of the military power it had wielded in the wars of the roses and swallow the elevation of upstarts at Henry's court? There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). According to John M. Currin, the treaty redefined Anglo-Breton relations. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. When Henry VIII Wrestled the King of Franceand Lost [75], Henry VII died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace on 21 April 1509 and was buried in the chapel he commissioned in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. Elizabeth of York was Queen consort of England as spouse of King Henry VII from 1486 until her death on February 11th, 1503. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. And yet this time removed was summer's time, The teeming autumn, big with rich increase, Bearing the wanton burden of the prime, Like widow'd wombs after their lords . I don't read a lot of NF because I usually find it to be tedious, but The Winter King certainly wasn't that. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. On 7th August 1485, he dropped anchor at Mill Bay, Milford Haven, and when he reached the beach he prayed Judge me, O Lord, and favour my cause. The odds were stacked against him in his quest to take the throne of England. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. Consultant editor for the. From 1527 Henry pursued what became known as "the King's great matter": his divorce from Catherine. Henry VII: Winter King was aired last night on BBC2 and was the latest programme in BBC2s Tudor Court Season. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! Corrections? [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. Accordingly, he arranged a papal dispensation from Pope Julius II for Prince Henry to marry his brother's widow Catherine, a relationship that would have otherwise precluded marriage in the Church. He led attempted invasions of Ireland in 1491 and England in 1495, and persuaded James IV of Scotland to invade England in 1496. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! He had finished his palace of Richmond, he was controlling his allies and keeping an eye on his enemies, and now was the time to finalise the marriage agreement between England and Spain. Their chief task was to see that the laws of the country were obeyed in their area. Stanley was accused of supporting Warbeck's cause, arrested and later executed. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. By 1900 the "New Monarchy" interpretation stressed the common factors that in each country led to the revival of monarchical power. He passed laws against "livery" (the upper classes' flaunting of their adherents by giving them badges and emblems) and "maintenance" (the keeping of too many male "servants"). The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. Early life If he trusted anyone, it would be his queen and why not, since both had so much in common both being familiar with being in sanctuary, and pawns in the game of power? Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. The King was heavily guarded. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. Thomas Mores coronation poem for Henry VIII contrasted the new Kings reign with the dark days of the past. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. Omissions? Henry VII, grown rich from Morton's Fork and other squeezes, was far from a bumpkin trying to break into the royal circles of western Europe--he was being courted, and he knew very well to play Castile (Hapsburg) and Aragon off against one another after Isabella died (and Catherine might very well have been packed off home to marry someone else, it was common). Penn graphically describes a huge financial racket run by the king and his profiteering advisers. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. For many he remained a usurper, a false king. Henry VII was born on 28 January 1457 at Pembroke Castle, in the English-speaking portion of Pembrokeshire known as Little England beyond Wales. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. He was supported in this effort by his chancellor, Archbishop John Morton, whose "Morton's Fork" was a catch-22 method of ensuring that nobles paid increased taxes: those nobles who spent little must have saved much, and thus could afford the increased taxes; in contrast, those nobles who spent much obviously had the means to pay the increased taxes. A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. Stanleys betrayal led to a complete security overhaul and his privy chamber going into lockdown. He became paranoid and made the decision that if his people couldnt love him then they should fear him. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. Gaunt's nephew Richard II legitimised Gaunt's children by Swynford by Letters Patent in 1397. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. The whole system was ingeniously designed to ensure the unchallenged supremacy of the king while stamping out any challenges to his authority from the nobles, merchants, and commons. Happy 14th Birthday to the Anne Boleyn Files! [5], The descent of Henry's mother, Margaret, through the legitimised House of Beaufort bolstered Henry's claim to the English throne. I'm not giving this a star rating because I suspect it's me at fault not the book. Hence, the king was plagued with conspiracies until nearly the end of his reign. She was a great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (fourth son of Edward III), and his third wife Katherine Swynford. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Though this was not achieved during his reign, the marriage eventually led to the union of the English and Scottish crowns under Margaret's great-grandson, James VI and I, following the death of Henry's granddaughter Elizabeth I. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. (We certainly can, and do, decide what sort of king Henry was based on what he had his government get up to, however.). Henry came to the throne following the death of his father, Henry VII. A fresh look at the endlessly fascinating Tudorsthe dramatic and overlooked story of Henry VII and his founding of the Tudor Dynastyfilled with spies, plots, counterplots, and an uneasy royal succession to Henry VIII. There are an awful lot of books written about the Tudor era, both fiction and non-fiction, so you have to ask whether this book adds anything new. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Its inhabitant was once one of England's most exuberant kings, yet his resting place was only re-discovered in 1813. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. He was the only child of Lady Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond. [56] This trade made an expensive commodity cheaper, which raised opposition from Pope Julius II, since the Tolfa mine was a part of papal territory and had given the Pope monopoly control over alum. France, Burgundy, the Holy Roman Empire, Spain and the Hanseatic League all rejected the treaty, which was never in force. When he met Richard III at Bosworth Field, Henry found that his army of dissidents and mercenaries was completely outnumbered. He invited artists, musicians and scholars to live at his court. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. If you missed the programme then here is the YouTube video for you enjoy! The king's own death seven years later had to be kept secret until his nervous entourage had ensured the succession. [32], Next, in 1487, Yorkists led by Lincoln rebelled in support of Lambert Simnel, a boy they claimed to be Edward of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower). This book was way too focused on what happened, but not so much on the why or why it was important. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. What old December's bareness every where! The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. Present were exiles from Richards court, friends of Edward IVths queen, but King Richard was able to bribe the ageing Duke of Brittany to relinquish Henry in return for funds to fight an increasingly hostile French king, whereupon Henry Tudor flew to the French court for sanctuary. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of the reign called Henry "a dark prince, and infinitely suspicious". Their main aim was money. His father was the son of Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire, and Catherine of France, the widow of King Henry V. His mother was the great-granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, whose children by Catherine Swynford were born before he married her. I wasn't disappointed because, as usual, he did a great job with the narration. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. [12], Henry lived in the Herbert household until 1469, when Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"), went over to the Lancastrians. In turn, Antwerp became an extremely important trade entrept (transshipment port), through which, for example, goods from the Baltic, spices from the east and Italian silks were exchanged for English cloth. The parts on how he abused his position and the law to enrich himself while an entire nation watched helplessly are, frankly, pretty relevant to now. Detailed Information. Iain Hollingshead reviews Henry VII: Winter King, a BBC Two documentary which examines how the first Tudor monarch came to power and went on to have a 23-year reign. [47], Henry VII's policy was to maintain peace and to create economic prosperity. Musings on History - Henry VII - Learn for Pleasure Henry then cemented his claim to the throne and his dynastic ambitions by marrying Elizabeth of York and bringing the Houses of Lancaster and York together; the red rose and white rose combined to become the Tudor rose. Henry was building a myth, the idea that he and his family were the true royal blood of England. After obtaining the dispensation, Henry had second thoughts about the marriage of his son and Catherine. Herbert was captured fighting for the Yorkists and executed by Warwick. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. He paid very close attention to detail, and instead of spending lavishly he concentrated on raising new revenues. I'm beginning to wonder if all of the kings beginning with the conquest weren't a little off their rocker in some way. Pembroke Castle, birthplace of Henry VII [ JKMMX ] [ CC BY-SA 3.0 ]. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. The portly Henry VIII, and the ill-fated destinies of most of his six wives, is one of the first historical figures primary-aged pupils are aware of.. The Merchant Adventurers, the company which enjoyed the monopoly of the Flemish wool trade, relocated from Antwerp to Calais. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Thank you for subscribing. Quite ambitious in nature, Thomas Penn attempts to write a portrait of Henry VII and his reign. But definitely rewarding! To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth of York. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. He had a populist touch and his reign started with pardons, reforms and justice. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. [28], Henry had Parliament repeal Titulus Regius, the statute that declared Edward IV's marriage invalid and his children illegitimate, thus legitimising his wife. BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love.

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