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It is one of the 32 states that practice capital punishment, and since the US Supreme Court allowed capital punishment to resume in 1976, 40% of all U.S. executions have taken place in Texas. An additional 50 leagues of land set aside for the support of two universities would later become the basis of the state's Permanent University Fund. Much of the native ruggedness of the region is preserved in Big Bend National Park. The Cross Timbers region and Caprock Escarpment are part of the Interior Lowlands. [417], In the DallasFort Worth area, three public transit agencies provide rail service: Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART), Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA), and Trinity Metro. That way, when its time to take care of business, all your information is in one place. Sea to Shining Sea . [451][452][453], Texas has a reputation of very harsh criminal punishment for criminal offenses. [123] On January 10, 1901, the first major oil well in Texas, Spindletop, was found south of Beaumont. Nondenominational and interdenominational Christians were the second largest Evangelical group (7%) followed by Pentecostals (4%). [43] Friendly tribes taught newcomers how to grow indigenous crops, prepare foods, and hunt wild game. Copyright 2023 State of Texas. This makes it the deadliest natural disaster in U.S. The state of New Mexico lies to the west. In the early 20th century, the legislature passed bills to impose poll taxes, followed by white primaries; these measures effectively disfranchised most blacks, poor whites and Mexican Americans. The North Plains subdivision, centred on Amarillo, depends on grain farming, ranching, oil, and small industries. Four of the state's schools claim at least one national championship in football: the Texas Longhorns, the Texas A&M Aggies, the TCU Horned Frogs, and the SMU Mustangs. [185] Tornadoes in Texas generally occur in the months of April, May, and June. The state's economic growth has led to urban sprawl and its associated symptoms. Breezes and Sunshine to Power Georgetown, TX", "E.ON completes world's largest wind farm in Texas", "Borland bails out of California, moves HQ to Austin, TX", "Indeed opens new North Austin office, 1,000 new jobs planned", "Texas Instruments starts construction on Dallas plant", "Dell sells Perot Systems IT services division to Dallas firm", "Rackspace to Move into Former Texas Shopping Mall Again", "Amazon founder unveils space center plans", "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States", "A California-style migration stirs up Texas melting pot", "Can Houston move past the 'melting pot'? [423], The current Texas Constitution was adopted in 1876. [440] A group of Democratic legislators, the "Texas Eleven", fled the state in a quorum-busting effort to prevent the legislature from acting, but was unsuccessful. [186], Some of the most destructive hurricanes in U.S. history have impacted Texas. A study from Texas A&Ms Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics more closely connects diet and Alzheimers disease development. They have no other settlement or location than comes from traveling around with the cows. [338], The second president of the Republic of Texas, Mirabeau B. Lamar, is the Father of Texas Education. Find business resources that help you run and grow your companyfrom job seeking and recruitment, to economic development programs and help with business taxes. [240] Following continued population growth among people of color since the 2020 census alongside the 2022 Buffalo, NY mass shooting,[241] concerns about racial and ethnic tensions were highlighted in some Texas newspapers regarding the extremist Great Replacement theory.[242][243]. The socialists' popularity soon waned after their vilification by the United States government for their opposition to U.S. involvement in World War I. [381] Texas has two Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories: one at The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) in Galveston,[382] and the other at the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research in San Antoniothe first privately owned BSL-4 lab in the United States. [126][127] The Socialist Party became the second-largest party in Texas after 1912,[128] coinciding with a large socialist upsurge in the United States during fierce battles in the labor movement and the popularity of national heroes like Eugene V. Debs. [248] Roughly 30% of the total population spoke Spanish. At that time, several sudden outbreaks of violence between Native Americans and Texans started to spread. [368], Notwithstanding the concentration of elite medical centers in the state, The Commonwealth Fund ranks the Texas healthcare system the third worst in the nation. [161] One classification system divides Texas, in order from southeast to west, into the following: Gulf Coastal Plains, Interior Lowlands, Great Plains, and Basin and Range Province. Texas A&M University ( Texas A&M, A&M, or TAMU) is a public, land-grant, research university in College Station, Texas. [356][357] Discovery of minerals on Permanent University Fund land, particularly oil, has helped fund the rapid growth of the state's two largest university systems: the University of Texas System and the Texas A&M System. [93] After several weeks of retreat, the Texian Army commanded by Sam Houston attacked and defeated Santa Anna's forces at the Battle of San Jacinto. ESPN Enterprises, Inc. All rights reserved. [265], In 2010, Site Selection Magazine ranked Texas as the most business-friendly state in the nation, in part because of the state's three-billion-dollar Texas Enterprise Fund. DART began operating the first light rail system in the Southwest United States in 1996. Hidalgo County, as of 2011, has the largest number of colonias. [374], Texas has the highest maternal mortality rate in the developed world, and the rate by which Texas women died from pregnancy-related complications doubled from 2010 to 2014, to 23.8 per 100,000 a rate unmatched in any other U.S. state or economically developed country. Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism were tied as the second largest religion as of 2014 and 2020. Hagler Institute Inducts Its Largest Class Of Fellows During 11th Annual Gala At Texas A&M, Chillennium 2023 Draws Aspiring Game Designers From Across The Country For 48 Hours Of Fun. [349][350] The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB) ranks the state's public universities into three distinct tiers:[351], Texas's alternative affirmative action plan, Texas House Bill 588, guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top 10 percent of their high school class automatic admission to state-funded universities. 2022 season schedule, scores, stats, and highlights. The largest Evangelical Baptists in the state were the Southern Baptist Convention (9%) and independent Baptists (3%). [282] If Texas were its own country it would be the sixth largest oil producer in the world according to a 2014 study. [36] Native American tribes who have lived inside the boundaries of present-day Texas include the Alabama, Apache, Atakapan, Bidai, Caddo, Aranama, Comanche, Choctaw, Coushatta, Hasinai, Jumano, Karankawa, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Tonkawa, and Wichita. October 1935, Swanton, John R. Indians of the Southeastern United States (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1946) p. 139. [203], Three interstate highwaysI-35 to the west (DallasFort Worth to San Antonio, with Austin in between), I-45 to the east (Dallas to Houston), and I-10 to the south (San Antonio to Houston) define the Texas Urban Triangle region. [147], During the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, the first confirmed case of the virus in Texas was announced on March 4, 2020. [249], At the census of 2010, 65.8% (14,740,304) of Texas residents age5 and older spoke only English at home, while 29.2% (6,543,702) spoke Spanish, 0.8 percent (168,886) Vietnamese, and Chinese (which includes Cantonese and Mandarin) was spoken by 0.6% (122,921) of the population over five. Texas leads the nation in total net electricity production, generating 437,236 MWh in 2014, 89% more MWh than Florida, which ranked second. They were most interested in relationships with the Caddo, who were - like the Spanish - a settled, agricultural people. Texas ( / tkss /, also locally / tksz /; [8] Spanish: Texas, Tejas [b] [9]) is a state in the South Central region of the United States. Texas's most notable Unionist was the state governor, Sam Houston. To create your own TxT account, you'll need a personal email address and a Texas driver license or ID. Texas has wide variations in precipitation patterns. Black Methodists and other Christians made up less than 1 percent each of the Christian demographic. [78], Many immigrants openly flouted Mexican law, especially the prohibition against slavery. The wriggling course of the Red River makes up the eastern two-thirds of Texass boundary with Oklahoma to the north, while the remainder of the northern boundary is the Panhandle, which juts northward, forming a counterpart in the western part of that state. Austin's settlers, the Old Three Hundred, made places along the Brazos River in 1822. The county provides limited services to unincorporated areas and to some smaller incorporated areas. [433] As a result, the Democratic Party dominated Texas politics from the turn of the century, imposing racial segregation and white supremacy. [75] The population of Texas grew rapidly. Since oil was discovered, the state's economy has reflected the state of the petroleum industry. The state's Bill of Rights is much larger than its federal counterpart, and has provisions unique to Texas. "[48] Cabeza de Vaca also made observations about the way of life of the Ignaces Natives of Texas: They went about with a firebrand, setting fire to the plains and timber so as to drive off the mosquitos, and also to get lizards and similar things which they eat, to come out of the soil. [106] Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state. Around 1,150 seaports dot Texas's coast with over 1,000 miles (1,600km) of channels. [16] Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies, grasslands, forests, and the coastline. [345] The rate of school corporal punishment in Texas is surpassed only by Mississippi, Alabama, and Arkansas. Most cities in the state, those over 5,000 in population, have home-rule governments. Harvey ultimately became the costliest hurricane worldwide, causing an estimated $198.6billion in damage, surpassing the cost of Hurricane Katrina. Vegetation in this region consists of thick piney woods. [112], While far from the major battlefields of the American Civil War, Texas contributed large numbers of soldiers and equipment to the rest of the Confederacy. Career attorneys and analysts at the Department of Justice objected to the plan as diluting the votes of African American and Hispanic voters, but political appointees overrode them and approved it. Over the years, the Texas Rangers have investigated crimes ranging from murder to political corruption. [264], As of May 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the state's unemployment rate was 13 percent. [15] Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts, less than ten percent of Texas's land area is desert. [37][38] Many of these peoples migrated from the north or east during the colonial period, such as the Choctaw, Alabama-Coushatta, and Delaware. After Texas's annexation, Mexico broke diplomatic relations with the United States. At 268,596 square miles (695,662 km 2 ), and with more than 30 million residents in 2022, [10] [11] [12] it is the second-largest U.S. state by both area (after Alaska) and population (after California ). [285][286] The Port Arthur Refinery in Southeast Texas is the largest refinery in the U.S.[285] Texas is also a leader in natural gas production at 28.8billion cubic feet (820,000,000m3) per day, some 32% of the nation's production. [275][276], Texas has the most farms and the highest acreage in the United States. During the 2014 crisis, many Central Americans, including unaccompanied minors traveling alone from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador, reached the state, overwhelming Border Patrol resources for a time. And were always working to add more agencies and services to TxT. [320][321], Texas has made a strong mark on national and international pop culture. Though 10% larger than France, almost twice as large as Germany or Japan, and more than twice the size of the United Kingdom, it ranks only 27th worldwide amongst country subdivisions by size. The state is ranked No. In the same manner they kill deer, encircling them with fires, and they do it also to deprive the animals of pasture, compelling them to go for food where the Indians want.[49]. The culture in Texas during the later 19th century exhibited many facets of a frontier territory. Find out the latest on your favorite NCAAF teams on CBSSports.com. In contrast, Evangelical Protestants altogether were 31% of the population at the Pew Research Center's 2014 study, and Baptists were the largest Evangelical tradition (14%);[255] per the 2014 study, they made up the second largest Mainline Protestant group behind Methodists (4%). [40] The United States obtained Louisiana following the 1803 Louisiana Purchase. [384] Texas Medical Center performs the most heart transplants in the world. [336], Since 1980, San Antonio has evolved into "The Tejano Music Capital Of The World". The Sabine River forms most of the boundary with Louisiana to the east, where by land it is bounded by Arkansas as well. The most varied of the regions, this area includes Sand Hills, the Stockton Plateau, desert valleys, wooded mountain slopes and desert grasslands. [111] Around 2,000 Texans served in the Union Army, with a large contingent of recent German immigrants in Texas Hill Country being a Unionist stronghold.

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